The interactive profile between four 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (1-4) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by spectroscopic techniques and in silico calculations. The bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq ca. 1012 L mol-1 s-1) and the time-resolved fluorescence decays indicated a static fluorescence quenching mechanism. Thus, there is a spontaneous ground-state association, and based on both Stern-Volmer, modified Stern-Volmer, and van’t Hoff approaches, the association is moderate mainly driven by hydrophobic forces. The circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicated that until the proportion albumin:compound of 1:8 there is a weak perturbation on the structural content of albumin, while molecular docking results suggested subdomain IIA (site I), a positive electrostatic pocket, as the main binding site. Overall, even though the hydrogen atom replacement by methyl, fluorine, or chlorine atoms in the para position of the aromatic ring in the benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione moiety changes the lipophilicity, it does not change the binding profile to HSA. 1,4naphthoquinone 14naphthoquinone naphthoquinone 1,4 1 4 14 (1-4 HSA (HSA calculations kq ca 101 mol1 mol mol- s1 s s-1 timeresolved time resolved mechanism Thus groundstate ground state SternVolmer, SternVolmer Stern Volmer, Volmer Stern-Volmer vant van t approaches forces CD (CD albumincompound compound 18 8 1: site I, I , I) pocket Overall methyl fluorine benzogchromene5,10dione benzogchromene510dione benzogchromenedione benzo g chromene 5,10 dione 5 10 lipophilicity 4naphthoquinone 1, (1- s- benzogchromene5 10dione benzogchromene 510 5,1 (1 51 5, (

Resumen: La ruptura del ligamento cruzado craneal (LCCr) es una de las principales causas de claudicación en caninos, por lo que termina siendo una de las cirugías más comunes en el mundo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar el reporte de casos con ruptura/enfermedad del ligamento cruzado craneal en perros de la raza cimarrón uruguayo. El estudio recopila 15 casos en la raza de perros cimarrón uruguayo diagnosticados y operados de ruptura de LCCr en una clínica particular. Se realizó un diagnostico presuntivo de la lesión LCCr por el examen clínico; las radiografías y el diagnóstico definitivo de la ruptura fueron mediante artrotomía lateral de rodilla. Se analizó la presentación de la ruptura de LCCr según el sexo, edad, peso, grado de claudicación y grado de artrosis en todos los perros. El 66,7 % (n=10) fueron machos y el 33,3 % (n=5), hembras. La edad de los animales al momento de la consulta fue 4,9 ± 0,1 años. La mayoría de los perros 47 % (n=7) presentaron un grado 2 de claudicación. El grado de artrosis articular en machos fue de 14,2 ± 3,3 y en hembras de 12,8 ± 2,5 (Escala Bioarth). El peso de los animales fue diferente dependiendo del sexo, los machos tuvieron pesos de 41,1 ± 0,6 kg, mientras que las hembras presentaron un peso de 36,2 ± 1,4 kg (p = 0,001). Si bien el número de animales es reducido, este trabajo permite suponer que la ruptura del LCC en el cimarrón uruguayo se pueda deber a la enfermedad del ligamento cruzado craneal (ELCCr ).

Abstract: Rupture to the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) is one of the main causes of lameness in canines, which is why it is one of the most common surgeries in the world. The objective of this work is to report cases with rupture/disease of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs of the Cimarrón Uruguayo breed. The study gathers 15 cases of the Uruguayo Cimarrón breed, diagnosed and operated of CCL rupture in a private clinic. A presumptive diagnosis of the CCL lesion was made by clinical examination, radiographs and the definitive diagnosis of the rupture was by lateral knee arthrotomy. Presentation of CCL rupture was analyzed according to sex, age, weight, lameness and osteoarthritis degree in all dogs. 66.7 % (n=10) were males and 33.3 % females (n=5), the age of the animals at the time of clinical examination was 4.9 ± 0.1 years. Most of the dogs 47 % (n=7), presented a grade 2 lameness. The osteoarthrosis degree in males was 14.2 ± 3.3, in females 12.8 ± 2.5 (Bioarth Scale). The weight of the animals was different depending on the gender, males were 41.1 ± 0.6 kg, whereas the females had a weight of 36.2 ± 1.4 kg (p = 0.001). Although the number of animals is reduced, this work allows to suppose that the rupture of the CCL in the Uruguayan Cimarrón may be due to the cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD).

Resumo: A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) é uma das principais causas de claudicação em caninos, motivo pelo qual acaba sendo uma das cirurgias mais realizadas no mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar casos de ruptura/doença do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães da raça cimarrón uruguaio. O estudo compila 15 casos de cães da raça cimarrón uruguaio, diagnosticados e operados por ruptura do LCCr em uma clínica privada. O diagnóstico presuntivo da lesão de LCCr foi baseado no exame clínico e em radiografias, e o diagnóstico definitivo foi obtido por meio da artrotomia lateral do joelho. A apresentação dos casos de ruptura do LCCr foi analisada de acordo com o sexo, a idade, o peso e os graus de claudicação e de osteoartrite dos cães. Um 66,7 % (n=10) dos casos eram machos e 33,3 % (n=5) eram fêmeas, a idade dos animais no momento da consulta era de 4,9 ± 0,1 anos. A maioria dos cães, 47 % (n=7), apresentou claudicação grau 2. O grau de artrose articular no sexo masculino foi de 14,2 ± 3,3 e no sexo feminino foi de 12,8 ± 2,5 (Escala de Bioarth). O peso dos animais foi diferente dependendo do sexo, os machos apresentaram peso de 41,1 ± 0,6 kg, enquanto as fêmeas apresentaram peso de 36,2 ± 1,4 kg (p = 0,001). Embora o número de animais seja pequeno, este trabalho permite supor que a ruptura do LCCr no cimarrón uruguaio pode ser devido à doença do ligamento cruzado cranial.

Resumen: Se observó abiotrofia cerebelosa en una hembra American Staffordshire terrier de 6 años. La perra mostraba temblores, debilidad y ataxia como signos clínicos principales al momento de la consulta al Centro Hospital Veterinaria (FVET-UdelaR), y estos síntomas siguieron progresando lentamente durante 6 meses. El animal fue sometido a eutanasia debido a la solicitud de los propietarios, ya que no había posibilidad de recuperación, y se realizó su examen patológico. Macroscópicamente, el cerebelo estaba pequeño y sus folias estaban adelgazadas y con expansión de los surcos interfoliares. Histológicamente, las tres capas de la corteza cerebelosa mostraban una estructura anormal, caracterizada por una disminución en el número de células en la capa granulosa, pérdida de células de Purkinje y adelgazamiento de la capa molecular. A partir de estos hallazgos patológicos, este caso fue diagnosticado como abiotrofia cerebelosa canina. Por lo que sabemos, este es el primer caso reportado de esta enfermedad en Uruguay.

Abstract: Cerebellar abiotrophy was observed in a female American Staffordshire terrier aged 6 years. The bitch showed tremors, weakness, ataxia as main clinical signs at the time of visit the Veterinary Hospital (FVET-UdelaR), and these signs were progressed slowly for 6 months. The dog was euthanatized due to owners offer, considering no possibility of recovery, and was examined pathologically. Grossly, the cerebellum was small, and the folia were thin, with expanded interfoliar sulci. Histologically, the three layers of the cerebellar cortex showed abnormal structure, characterized by decrease in number of cells in the granular layer, loss of Purkinje cells and thinning of molecular layer. From these pathological findings, this case was diagnosed as canine cerebellar abiotrophy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this disease in Uruguay.

Após ter-se salientado a importância da preservação da morfologia convencional do bacilo diftérico, para os propósitos do diagnóstico presuntivo de difteria, faz-se um estudo comparativo dos aspectos morfológicos de 10 amostras de Corynebacterium em quatro meios de uso mais comum para o isolamento dêsses germes, modificando êsses mesmos meios, em cada caso, pela inclusão de glicerol, de teluríto de potássio e de glicerol e telurito, em comparação com a fórmula original. Descreve-se uma técnica simples para a incorporação do telurito de potássio nos meios preparados por coagulação de proteínas animais (Loeffler e Pai). A apreciação da morfologia e da evidenciação de grânulos de volutina destacam o meio de Pai, com cêrca de 7 porcento de glicerol, entre 16 variações de meios de cultura estudadas, como o mais favorável para a demonstração da morfologia considerada típica no diagnóstico do bacilo diftérico.

Due to the importance of an undisturbed conventional morphology of diphteria bacilli for the rapid tentative diagnostic of the infection, a comparative morphologic study of 10 strains of Corynebacterium was done by cultivating them in 16 modifications of four routine media for isolation of diphtheria bacilli. The four basic media corresponded to Loeffler's and Pai's media, human serum-agar and chocolate-agar (from human blood), to which approximately 7.0 per cent glycerol, 0.04 per cent potassium tellurite, or both glycerol and tellurite, were added. A simple method for adding potassium tellurite to the coagulated serum (Loeffler) and egg (Pai) media was developed. From the results obtained Pai's medium seemed most adequate to maintain the typical conventional morphology of diphteria bacilli. Notwithstanding some strain variations, a large enhancement of production of metachromatic granules was shown addition of approximately 7 pepcent glycerol in aU media, with no substantial interference of potassium tellurite in the best suited media in this regard.